{"id":2316,"date":"2020-08-18T14:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-08-18T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/facemsoft.ro\/?p=2316"},"modified":"2022-09-28T13:29:47","modified_gmt":"2022-09-28T10:29:47","slug":"cele-mai-populare-limbaje-de-programare-in-2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/facemsoft.ro\/en\/blog\/cele-mai-populare-limbaje-de-programare-in-2020\/","title":{"rendered":"Cele mai populare limbaje de programare"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Vrei s\u0103 \u00eenve\u021bi programare \u0219i nu \u0219tii ce limbaj e cel mai potrivit? Ast\u0103zi \u00eencerc s\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi sar \u00een ajutor, povestindu-\u021bi c\u00e2te ceva despre cele mai populare 5 limbaje de programare, conform indexului TIOBE. \u00cen caz c\u0103 tocmai te-ai \u00eentrebat \u00een g\u00e2nd, ce naiba mai e \u0219i \u0103sta, indexul TIOBE<\/strong><\/a> analizeaz\u0103 lunar popularitatea limbajelor de programare \u00een func\u021bie de num\u0103rul de c\u0103ut\u0103ri f\u0103cute pe diversele motoare de c\u0103utare. Indexul analizeaz\u0103 doar limbajele considerate Turing-complete<\/a><\/strong>, a\u0219adar nu vei g\u0103si \u00een lista limbaje ca HTML sau SQL.<\/p>

\u00cen ultimii ani clasamentul a fost urm\u0103torul (limbajele de mai jos \u0219i-au mai schimbat ordinea \u00eentre ele, dar cele mai importante au r\u0103mas acelea\u0219i):<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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1. Java<\/strong><\/h3>\nLimbaj foarte popular creat de Sun Mycrosystems \u00een 1995 \u0219i de\u021binut \u00een prezent de Oracle. Se deosebe\u0219te de C sau C++ prin faptul c\u0103 folose\u0219te o ma\u0219in\u0103 virtual\u0103 denumit\u0103 JVM (Java Virtual Machine) ce \u00eei permite ca un cod odat\u0103 compilat s\u0103 fie rulat pe orice tip de calculator (Windows, Linux sau Mac, orice arhitectur\u0103 de procesor). Este puternic orientat obiect, \u00een sensul c\u0103 nu este o variant\u0103 \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit\u0103 a unui limbaj structurat (cum este cazul C++ fa\u021b\u0103 de C) \u0219i permite crearea de aplica\u021bii foarte diversificate: aplica\u021bii consol\u0103, desktop, site-uri, servicii web, mobile. Este disponibil \u00een doua versiuni, Java SE (Standard Edition) \u0219i Java EE (Enterprise Edition), cea de-a doua fiind dedicat\u0103 \u00een special aplica\u021biilor web orientate c\u0103tre business. Popularitatea este dat\u0103 \u0219i de faptul c\u0103 aplica\u021biile Android se dezvolt\u0103 folosind acest limbaj, \u00eens\u0103 av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere procesul \u00een care Oracle \u0219i Google sunt implicate<\/a><\/strong>, este posbil ca \u00een cur\u00e2nd cei de la Google s\u0103 \u00eel \u00eenlocuiasc\u0103 definitiv cu Kotlin, un limbaj nou creat \u00eempreun\u0103 cu cei de la JetBrains. A ajuns \u00een prezent la versiunea 18, iar cele mai populare medii de dezvoltare sunt Eclipse, NetBeans \u0219i IntelliJ. A nu se confunda cu JavaScript cu care nu are nicio leg\u0103tura.\n\n
\n\/\/Exemplu de program Java ce afiseaza Hello World!\n\npublic class HelloWorld {\n\npublic static void main(String[] args) {\n\nSystem.out.println("Hello World!");\n\n}\n\n}\n<\/pre>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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2. C<\/strong><\/h3>\nFoarte popular mai ales datorit\u0103 vechimii sale (prima versiune a ap\u0103rut \u00een 1972) este unul dintre cele mai complete limbaje de programare structurate. Permite gestionarea memoriei la cel mai mic nivel (lucru ce constituie at\u00e2t un avantaj c\u00e2t \u0219i un dezavantaj \u00een acela\u0219i timp) \u0219i este printre cele mai rapide limbaje de programare dup\u0103 cele de asamblare. Majoritatea aplica\u021biilor ce ruleaz\u0103 pe microcontrolere cu resurse limitate sunt scrise \u00een C. Sintaxa sa a inspirat alte limbaje ca Java \u0219i C#. Dezavantajul principal al limbajului este dat de nivelul ridicat de linii de cod necesare pentru a realiza opera\u021bii relativ simple. Exist\u0103 mai multe variante de compilator, \u00een func\u021bie de sistemul de operare sau de arhitectura procesorului. Printre mediile de dezvoltare cel mai des utilizate se num\u0103r\u0103 NetBeans, Xcode sau Visual Studio.\n
\n\/\/Exemplu de program C ce afiseaza Hello World!\n\n#include <stdio.h><\/stdio.h>\n\nint main()\n{\nprintf("Hello World!");\nreturn 0;\n}\n\n<\/pre>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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3. Pyhton<\/strong><\/h3>\nIntrat \u00een top 5 \u00een anul 2015, \u00een prezent se bucur\u0103 de o popularitate din ce \u00een ce mai mare, mai ales datorit\u0103 exploziei domeniilor ca Inteligen\u021b\u0103 Artificial\u0103 \u0219i Machine Learning din ultimii 2 ani, domenii \u00een care limbajul poate fi folosit cu succes. \u00cen 2018 a reu\u0219it s\u0103 detroneze C#, urc\u00e2nd pe pozi\u021bia 4. Ap\u0103rut \u00een anul 1991, este un limbaj interpretat, nu la fel de rapid ca C++, dar care este v\u0103zut ca un limbaj destul de u\u0219or de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat de c\u0103tre \u00eencep\u0103tori (vezi recomandarea mea de aici<\/strong><\/a>). Dezvoltarea se face \u00een orice editor de texte, \u00eens\u0103 exist\u0103 \u0219i un IDE propriu denumit IDLE. Cu toate acestea majoritatea celor din comunitate prefer\u0103 Visual Studio Code. Cea mai recent\u0103 versiune a limbajului este 3.10.\n
\n#Exemplu de program Python ce afiseaza Hello World!\nprint("Hello World!")\n<\/pre>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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4. C++ (citit C Plus Plus)<\/strong><\/h3>\nVarianta orientat\u0103 obiect a limbajului C, ap\u0103rut\u0103 \u00een anii 80. Ofer\u0103 avantajele legate de rapiditate ale predecesorului s\u0103u, ad\u0103ug\u00e2nd programatorului posibilitatea de a crea clase, cresc\u00e2nd astfel modularitatea \u0219i mentenabilitatea codului surs\u0103 (a fost cunoscut \u0219i sub numele de C cu clase, la \u00eenceput). Mediile de dezvoltare sunt acelea\u0219i ca \u0219i pentru limbajul C. Mai multe detalii despre Programarea Orientat\u0103 Obiect \u00een C++ po\u021bi g\u0103si \u00een tutorialele video de pe FacemSoft<\/strong><\/a>.\n\n
\n\/\/Exemplu de program C++ ce afiseaza Hello World!\n\n#include\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main()\n{\ncout &#003CU;&#003CU; "Hello World!";\nreturn 0;\n}\n<\/pre>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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5. C# (citit C Sharp)<\/strong><\/h3>\nAp\u0103rut \u00een anul 2000, este r\u0103spunsul Microsoft la limbajul Java al celor de la Sun Mycrosystems, la momentul respectiv. Foarte asem\u0103n\u0103tor ca sintax\u0103 cu Java \u0219i C++ folose\u0219te o ma\u0219in\u0103 virtual\u0103 denumit\u0103 CLR (Common Language Runtime). A fost conceput s\u0103 ruleze doar pe sistemul de operare Windows, \u00eens\u0103 existe proiecte open-source precum Mono<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0sau versiune precum .NET Core ce permit codului C# s\u0103 ruleze \u0219i pe sistemul de operare Linux. Chiar dac\u0103 la \u00eenceput a \u00eemprumutat multe func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi din Java, \u00een prezent are func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi \u00een plus fa\u021b\u0103 de acesta, care probabil vor fi introduse ulterior \u0219i \u00een Java (cumva similar cu ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 cu sistemele de operare iOS \u0219i Android). Cea mai nou\u0103 versiune a limbajului este C# 10, iar mediul de programare preferat de majoritatea programatorilor este Visual Studio. Dac\u0103 vrei s\u0103 \u00eel \u00eenve\u021bi, g\u0103se\u0219ti o sec\u021biune special\u0103 de tutoriale video<\/strong><\/a> dedicate acestui limbaj pe site.\n
\n\/\/Exemplu de program C# ce afiseaza Hello World!\nclass Hello\n{\nstatic void Main()\n{\nConsole.WriteLine("Hello World!");\n}\n}\n<\/pre>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\tDeci, ce mai a\u0219tep\u021bi? Alege-\u021bi limbajul \u0219i f\u0103 din acest an anul \u00een care \u00eenve\u021bi s\u0103 programezi!<\/span>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Vrei s\u0103 \u00eenve\u021bi programare \u0219i nu \u0219tii ce limbaj e cel mai potrivit? Ast\u0103zi \u00eencerc s\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi sar \u00een ajutor, povestindu-\u021bi c\u00e2te ceva despre cele mai populare 5 limbaje de programare, conform indexului TIOBE. \u00cen caz c\u0103 tocmai te-ai \u00eentrebat \u00een g\u00e2nd, ce naiba mai e \u0219i \u0103sta, indexul TIOBE […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2346,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[64],"tags":[204,205,206,192,24,203,195],"class_list":["post-2316","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-c","tag-c-plus-plus","tag-c-sharp","tag-invata","tag-java","tag-limbaj-de-programare","tag-python"],"yoast_head":"\nCele mai populare limbaje de programare - Facem Soft<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/facemsoft.ro\/en\/blog\/cele-mai-populare-limbaje-de-programare-in-2020\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cele mai populare limbaje de programare - Facem Soft\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Vrei s\u0103 \u00eenve\u021bi programare \u0219i nu \u0219tii ce limbaj e cel mai potrivit? 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